Hargeysa(Araweelo News Network)Xisbiga mucaaradka ah ee WADDANI ayaa soo bandhigay noocyada heshiisyada khayraadka dabiiciga ee caalamiga ah iyo kaalinta xukuumadda
talada haysaa ku leedahay abuur la’aanta shuruuc horumarsan.
Warbixinta ka soo baxday Guddiga Khayraadka Dabiiciga iyo Tamarta ee xisbiga WADDANI, ayaa lagu faahfaahiyey shuruucda caalamiga ah ee loo raaco heshiisyada khayraadka dabiiciga ah, gaar ahaan shidaalka iyo qaabka looga baahan yahay inay noqdaan shuruuc cusub oo xukuumadda Somaliland u samayso shidaalka.
Qoraalka warbixinta Guddiga Khayraadka Dabiiciga iyo Tamarta xisbiga WADDANI soo saaray oo dhammaystiran ayaa u qornayd sidan;-
Noocyada Shuruucda shidaalka ee caalamku isticmaalaan, Production Sharing agreements (PSA), Joint Venture (JV) iyo License-Concession Agreement ee u horseeda horumar dhaqan dhaqaale haddii si sax ah looga faa’idaysto.
Guddida Khayraadka Dabiiciga ah iyo Tamarta ee xisbiga Waddani, wuxuu macluumaad kooban u soo bandhigayaa bulshada Somaliland qaybaha/noocyada ay u kala baxaan heshiisyada khayraadka dabiiciga ah (Oil Contracts) ee lala galo shirkaddaha maalgashada, kuwaas oo midwalba faa’iidadiisa iyo khasaarihiisaba uu leeyahay.
Marka ay dawladii dhisanayso qaab dhismeedka wasaarad ka hawlgalaysa khayraadka dabiiciga ah, waxa ugu mudan ee ugu horeeya in la doorto oo la dhamaysstiro nooca heshiis ee wadanku adeegsanayo marka heshiis (Oil Contracts) uu la galayo shirkaddaha maalgashada khayraadka dabiiciga. Waxa iyadana meesha aan ka maqnayn oo aad u muhiim ah in la ogaado wadahadallada heshiisyada, (Contract negotiation.) Waxa kale oo muhiim ah in la ogaado dadka ku xeeldheer ee ku takhasusay (experts) ama qareenada loo adeegsanayo in ay dawlad ka caawiyaan arrimaha dhaqaaalaha, shuruucda u taal beesha caalamka, arrimaha deegaanka iyo wixii kale ee anfacaya dawlada iyo muwaadiniinta dalka u dhalatay. Arrimahaas oo dhami waa in ay u socdaan qaab daahfuran iyagoo waafaqsan shurrucda dalku leeyahay oo waliba lagu soo bandhigayo saxaafada madaxa banaan.
Hadaanu u soo noqono noocyada ay u kala baxaan heshiisyada khayraadka dabiiciga ah (Oil Contracts) ee lala galo shirkaddaha maalgashada, macluumaadkan oo aan lagu soo koobi karayn warbixintan kooban ee xisbiga Waddani guddidiisa khayraadka Dabiiciga ah iyo Tamartu uu ku wacyigelinayo bulshada Somaliland si ay foojignaan iyo aqoon-u-korodhsadaan qaabka xukuumaddeenu wax u maarayso iyo qaababka heshiis ee waddamada horumarka ka gaadhay isticmaalaan.
Ugu horrayn noocyada heshiisyadaasi mid kastaaba waxa uu leeyahay faa’iidadiisa iyo khasaarihiisa, dhammaantoodna waxay ka siman yihiin oo ay ku dhisan yihiin marka sida saxda ah loo adeegsado horumarka dhaqandhaqaale ee dalka iyo muwaadiniintiisa.
Heshiisyadaasi kuwa ugu isticmaalka badan waxay u qaybsamaan saddex nooc oo kala ah:
Production-sharing Agreement (PSA) heshiiskani waa ka ugu isticmaalka badan caalamka.
PSA waa heshiiska ugu badan ee lala galo shirkaddaha maalgashada khayraadka dabiiciga ah. PSA waxa markii ugu horraysay laga hirgaliyey dalka Indonesia markuu sannadku ahaa 1966.
PSA waxa u ka kooban yahay afar heshiis oo kala ah.
• Xaqul-qalin ”Signature bonus” waa lacagta la kala qaato marka ugu horaysa ee heshiiska la saxeexayo. ”Discovery bonus” oo ah marka la helo khayraadka lacagta la siiyo dawlada. ”Production bonus” oo ah lacagta la bixiyo marka la soo saaro khayraadka.
• Shirkada maalgashanaysa waxay bixinaysaa cashuur boqolkiiba toban faa’iidada khayraadka la soo saaray( Royalty tax 10%).
• Faa’iidada soo hadhey marka laga saaro kharashaadka kaga baxay shirkada iyo (Royalty tax 10%) ayaa dawlada iyo shirkada maalgashatay kala qaybsanayaan (50-50 % ama 40-60 %).
• Dawlada cashur ayey ka qaadaysaa qaybtii shirkaddaha u soo hadhay (Incom Tax).
PSA wuxuu kaga duwan yahey labada heshiis ee kale ee kala ah License-Concession Agreement iyo Joint Ventura.
• Shirkaddaha ayaa maalgashada baadhitaaanka u horeeya (Sahaminta iyo ceelka tijaabada) oo khasaarahana hadii shidaal laga waayo isku qaba.
• Dowlada ayaa iska leh khayraadka dhulka hoostiisa ku duugan.
1. License-Concession Agreement
License-Concession Agreement” waa heshiiska ugu horeeyey ee ay adeegsadaa caalamku sandku markuu ahaa1900. Heshiiskan waxaa isticmaala shirkaddaha ay kamid yihiin Kuwait ,Angola iyo Sacuudiga.
Wuxuu kaga duwanyahay labada nooc ee kale ee kala ah JV iyo PSA.
• Shirkada aad lagashay heshiiska ayaa suuq geynaysa khayraadka.
• Shirkada heshiiska lalla galay ayaa u madaxbanaan sahaminta, soo saarista khayraadka iyo suuqgayntiisa blocka la siiyey oo wakhtiga loo cayimay.
2. Joint Venture (JV)
Heshiiskan qaar ka mid ah waddamada isticmaala waa Russia, Nigeriya , Australia iyo wadamo badan oo kale.
Waa heshiis ay ku midoowbaan dawlada khayraadka laga baadhayo iyo shirkada maalgashanaysa. Waa heshiis loo qaybsanayo khasaarihiisa iyo faaiidadiisa si isleeg.
Heshiisyada khayraadka dabiiciga ah ee la kala saxeexdaa hadii aan aad looga taxadirin waxay ku dhamaadaan xadgudubyo aan tiro lahayn iyo musuqmaasuq wadanka waxyeelo balaadhan gaadhgsiiya.
Heshiisyadaa qaabka kaliya ee cadayn ama ku xukumi kara in ay yihiin qaar xalaal ah oo waxtar u leh dalka iyo dadka waa iyagoo loo bandhigo oo si cad loo wargaliyo dadwaynaha dalka ku dhaqan iyo haayadaha ay dawladi leedahay sida golayaasha iyo saxaafada madaxbanaan.