Tan iyo soo shaacbixii taariikhda haweenku waxay dadaal ugu jireen inay iska muujiyaan goobaha ragga, gaar ahaan xukunka iyo saldanada, arrintaa oo qaar ka mida haweenka ay u suurtagashay inay gaadhaan macaana dhadhimyaan, sidii ay libintaa usii haysan lahaayeen, taas

 

oo ku keentay inay dhiig iyo qadhaadh ayey u dhameen oo naftooda ku waayeen.

Cleoptra waxay dhalatay toddobadii 69-kii dhalashadii Nebi Ciise (CS) ka hor, waxayna Boqorad ka noqotay Boqortooyadii Masaarida ee jirtay xilligaa, iyadoo 17 jirta ah, kadib markuu dhintay aabbaheed. Sida dhaqanka Maasaridu xilligaa dhigayey waxay guursatay walaalkeed Ptolemy-gii 13aad.

Xilligaa xukunka Masar waxa uu hoos imanayey maxmiyad Rome, dabadeed Julius Caesar iyo ciidankiisa ayaa ku soo dhaqaaqay dalka Masar, taas oo uu ka takhalusay Ptolemy-gii 13aad ee ku fadhiyey kursiga Boqortooyada Masar, taas Cleoptra-na dhaxashay oo Rome saaxiib la noqotay, kadibna waxay dhashay inan oo ay ugu magac- dartay Caseron, oo micnaheedu yahay qaysarka yar iyo iyadoo sheegtay Julius Caesar inuu ka dhalay.

Sannadku markuu ahaa 46-kii dhalashadii Nebe Ciise (CS) ka hor Cleoptra waxay u dhooftay Rome si ay ula noolaato Boqorkii Julius Caesar, haseyaashee bil kadib waxa la dilay Julius Caesar, Cleoptra-na si dhuumasho ah ayey Qaahira ugu soo noqotay, markii la dilay Caesar kadib waxfa ku dagaalamay xukuumadda Rome Mark Antony iyo Octavia. Cleoptra waxa ay la safatay Mark Antonyo oo laga adkaaday, dabadeedna is dilay.

Kadib sannadku markuu ahaa 30-kii dhalashadii Nebi Ciise (CS) ka hore, iyana sunta maska ayey cabtay oo ay isku dishay, waxaanna ka dambeeyey haween kale oo aad u magac weynaa, inta badana wax xukunmayey iyagoo dagaalo riday, markii dambena xukunkooda iyo noloshooda ku waayey. Haseyeeshee, halkan laguma soo koobi karo in aan ku soo wada gudbino taariikhdoodii qormadeenan.
Dhinaca taariikhda cusub haddii aan u baydho Marie Antoinette iyo kuwii caloola waaweyn loogu magac-daray, waxay ahayd Boqoradii ugu dambeysay ee boqortooyadii Faransiiska intii aannu dhalan kacaankii Faransiiska oo boqortooyada lagu riday.

Marie Antoinette oo ka soo jeeday dalka Austria, oo uu qabay Louis-kii 16aad ee dalka Faransiiska xukumayey, waxay ahayd mid caqli badan iyo firfircooni ku darsatay, odaygeedana wuxuu ahaa waxba yahay, hasayeeshee caqligeeda markii dambe waxa u horseeday waddo guracan inay qaado oo Faransiiska laba dabaqadood ka dhigto, kuwa saboolka iyo kuwa aan ahayn.

Marie Antoinette markii ay ilawday dadweynaheeda, la yaabna ku  noqotay markii ay ku mudaharaadeen, iyadoo doqonimo la timi, oo tidhi; ?Maxay la mudaharaadayaan? waxa loogu jawaabay waxay leeyihiin waxaan doonaynaa roodhi, iyadoo ku jawaabtay, ?Haddii aanay roodhi aanay haysan may keeg cunaan.? Arrintaas oo horseeday in lagu gadoodo, gacanta lagu dhigay qudhana laga jaro.

Haddaan ka baydhno qaaradda Yurub aynu milicsano qaaradda Eeshiya. Indira Gandi ayaa soo martay taariikhda Hindiya, waxay ku dhalatay 19-kii November Allah Adbaad aabbaheed Jawaherlal Nehru wuxu noqday Ra?iisal-wasaarihii Hindiya ugu horreeyey ee gobinimada kadib 1947.
Waxa Indira saameyey Mahatrna Ghandi, gaar ahaan la dagaalanka gumeysiga iyo in la isku kalsoonaado si loo gaadho isku filnaansho, waxa kale oo ay aaminsanayd midnimada Hindiya iyo in laga hortago fitno diineed oo dadweynaha kala qeybisa.

Saameynta weyn ay ku yeesheen fikirka iyo mabadiidii Mahatma Gandi ayaa u horseeday in loogu magac-darray Indira Ghandi, siyaasadda xilli hore ayey ku biirtay 1942-kii, iyada iyo ninkeeda waa la xidhay, markii aabbaheed u noqday Ra?iisal-wasaaraha Hindiya waxay u noqotay Indira Xoghayn.

1962-kii Indiraya waxa loo xilsaaray istiraatiijiyada difaaca Hindiya inay soo diyaariso iyadoo mar kale xilligaa dhalatay, xiisad u dhexaysay Hindiya iyo Pakistan ee jiida Kashmir, 1964-kii, Indira waxay noqotay Wasiirka Warfaafinta, 1966-kii waxay noqotay Ra?iisal-wasaaraha Hindiya, waxaanay taageero ka heshay dadkii saboolka ahaa.

Indira Ghandi waxay ku weyday taageeeradii ay haystay 1977-kii, haseyeeshee 1980-kii ayey dib mansabkeeda u heshay, afar sanno kadib oo ku beegnayd 31-kii October 1984-kii ayaa la dilay, kadib mucaarad ku kacsanaa oo galay macbadka lagu cibaadaysto ee loogu magac-daray Golden Tample, macbadkaa oo ay lahaayeen Singa-singaha qolada loo yaqaan oo ay weerartay kooxdii macbadka gashay.
Arrintaa oo ay ka cadhaysiisay qaar ilaaladeeda ka mid ah oo ka soo jeeday Singa-siganah oo rasaas la dhacay sidaa ayey ku dhimatay Indira Ghandi.

Haweenaydii ugu dambeysay ee siyaasad loo dilo waa Panazar Bhutto oo dalka Pakistan u dhalatay, Bhutto waxay dhalatay 1953-kii, waxay ka baxday Jaamacadda Oxford ee Britain sannadkii 1978, waxay kaloo ka baxday Jaamacadda Harvard ee Maraykanka.

Sannadkii 1979-kii waxa la dilay aabbaheed, kadib markii la afgembiyey walaalkeed Shahanwar waxa la helay isagoo ku geeriyooday gudaha dalka Faransiiska, walaalkeeda weyna rasaas ayaa lagu dilay, markii uu Pakistan ku soo laabtay.

Bhutto siyaasadda waxay ku biirtay dilkii aabbaheed kadib, iyadoo ka faa?iidaysatay caadifadii aabbaheed loo hayey, oo u horseeday iyadoo 35 jira inay noqoto Ra?iisal-wasaaraha sannadihii 1988, 1994 iyo 1999 Bhutto Dubai ayey degtay, October 2007 pakistana ayey ku soo noqotay, 18-kii October 2007 waxay ka badbaaday isku day-dil, haseyeeshee waxa haleelay qarax ismiidaamin lagu fuliyey oo ay u dhimatay 27/12/2007.

Qalinkii Qoraaga M.M.Kastan

Email: mmkastan@yahoo.com

 

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By info

Motivated, teamwork-oriented, and responsible manegment , Development, Data analyst with significant experience in increasing comprehension of reports and presentations, and working in the Somaliland media, human rights, social affairs, democracy and the nation-building process for the past two decades, by the average professional.experien and Highly educated, possessing a Professional Certificate of Journalism ,DIploma and BA Journalism and Politics.

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